Landy tunstall lindsey



L. T. LINDSEY. ELEOTRO MAGNETIC MOTOR.

Patented'June 29, 1869.

immw

waited some pron can.

Letters Patent No. 92,066,- dazed June 29, 1869.

IBEPROVIILEENT IN BL'ECTROQMAGNBTIC MOTORS.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and mam; part of thelame.

To whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LAlTDY TUNSTALL Lr'Nn'sEY,

of Jackson, in the county of Madisom'and State of Tennessee, haveinvented certain new and'useful Improvements in Acquiring anElectro-Magnetic Reciprocating Automatic Motion, said motion being provided with'an electro-maguetic governor,.whereby it can be gmduat'edtoany late of speed desirable teattain; and'l hereby declare the followingto be afull, clear, and exact description of the same, reference beingbad to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures ofreference marked thereon.

Figure 1 representsa general plan and view of the instrument.

B is the base, upon which the instrument rests.

M M M M" are electro-magnets, of the U-form.

L L' are horizontal levers, suspended over the magnets.

S S are stands, which contain the adjustable axis of the'levers L Lrespectively. 7

a a a" a"are adjustable pivot-screws in the stands S S',.whereln reststhe axis of the levers L L.

u u u u are jam-nuts, thereon, to secure them firmly in the stands'whenthe axis of the levers are properly adjusted.-

P P P P' are posts, upon which the levers alternately rest during theirvibration.

5 6'1" 12 are movable adjusting-screws therein, to regulate the breadthof stroke of the levers.

e e c" c are jam-nuts thereon, to secure them firmlyin the posts whenproperly adjusted;

At the point of contact of the levers and posts there are shortprojections, of platina wire,'on each, represented at 9 0"0" o".

N N. N" N"' are binding-screw stands, for the recep' tion of the wiresleading from the battery to the magnets, when worked by a system ofclosed circuits.

7: 'n' n n are binding-screws, for securing the wires therein.

G O G G""are binding-screw stands, for the reception 'of the wiresleading from the battery, when worked by a system of open circuits.

c c c" c" are binding-screws, for securing the wires the-rein.

\V W are'two spiral springs, for connecting the stands 0 G and "6" Cf",as becomes necessary, when worked by a system of closedcircuits. 4

, H is a small circular base, upon which are fixed thetriangularlyananged metallic points It ll. h".

V is a brass-bar, secured on the point h", and movable back audforth onthe points h It.

\Vhere the same reference-letters-appear in-ilic different drawings,they indicate the same. parts whether snch'parts be there represented inavertical or horizontal position, the working of the instrument being innowise affected by a reverse arrangement of levers,

magnets, and adjusting-screws, so; that the arrangementof theconnections fo'rthe alternations of the effects produced by the magnetsis not changed.

As all the parts hereinbefom described have to either cond not orcontrol the effect of a current-0f electricity, it is essential thatthey be made of brass, copper, or other metal which isa suitableconducting-medium.

Figure 2 represents a plan for applying said motion to the use ofturning a'crank communicating with cogwheels, the arrangement ofmagnets, levers, and ad justing-sc rews in the posts being just thereverse of that shown in fig. 1.

Figure 3 shows a single lever and its magnets prope'rl y placed, theleft end of the lever indicating how the motion thereof, actuated by.the electrical current pass ing through the coils of the magnetunderneath, can be applied to the control of an escapemeut, as shown toand connecting with a. lever, as shown in fig. 2; or,

secondly, by having mtchet-wheels fixed permanently on said shaft, andthe rotary motion imparted by the stroke of one or more levers on thesame, as shown at It. fig..3;, to furnish therequisite means forregulating the movement of any series ofmechanism by controlling anescapement, a's shown-at E, fig..3; all of which are accomplished in theseveral manners hereinattcr described.

Fig. 1 represents the plan showing theproperarrangemem.ofelectro-magnets, levers, supporting-stands, con taining adj nstablepivot-screws, posts, with adj est-able screws therein, and otherauxiliary appliances requisite in acquiring and-controlling the motion.

I will here explain their application and use, in conjunction with themetallic connections, for the proper conduct and control of theelectricity which are underneath the base-board.

As the mechanical combination of magnets, levers, and posts arecounterparts, one of the other, I shall, for the sake of clearerillustration, designate them" in their collective sense as sets.

Each set is composed of two magnets, placed vertically on either side ofa stand, whose veflical projections rise sullicient-ly high toadmit t1ispension ofa horizontal lover above and over the magnets. This levermoves, at its centre, on ar axis supported in the stand by adjnsmblcpivot-screws, and has. iron arma-' ture-bars fixed in a right-angleposition, permanently thereon, on either side of its axis, and just overthe poles of each magnet.

Two post-s, placed vertically, containing movable ad justing-scrcwstherein, are placed just on the outer side of either magnet, the ends ofthe lever above resting alternately upon them. Two sets are essential tosecure the result to be obtained. The result desired to be obtained isan nnintermitting reciprocating automatic motion of the levers. Thismotion is acquired in two ways, and in each by the action of the leversstriking alternately upon the post, the lever and post of set No. 1directing or controlling the flow of the electriccurrent through thecoilsof the magnets of s t No. 2, and vice versa.

The axis each lever being-at its centre, and the armatures thereon, aswell as magnets thereunder, being located on either side of its-axis,when the electric current flows through the. coils of any one magnet,and such magnet attracts the armature above to its poles, it causes thelever, to which such armature is attached, while approachingtherewith,on the one side of its axis, to recede correspondingly from the poles ofthe magnet on the other side.

The alternations of the magnets, in controlling their respectivearmatures, swung above, occurregularly and successively, the connectionsbeing so disposed that the currents of electricity will act, first, inone of the mag nets of set No. 1; next, in one of the magnets of set No.2;' next, in the other magnet of set N 0. 1; next, in the other magnetof set No. 2; each armature, as it is successively attracted to thepoles of the magnets, carrying with it that side oi the lever to whichit is attached, the series of alternations being repeatedpninterrnittingly so long as the battery remains connected.

For instance, let us suppose the current to first cause the magnet M ofset No. 1 to attract its armature A above to its poles. This would havethe effect to bring that end of the lever to which this armature isattached with it also. I

The lever L, being thus attracted, moves toward the poles of the magnetuntil its further progress is air"- rested by coming in contact with theend-post P. Tire effect of this contact of lever L and post P will be toso direct or control the electric currentfthat it will next cause themagnet M" of -set No. 2 to attract."its armature A' -to its poles.

The armature A", moving toward the poles of the magnet M", brings withit that end of the lever L to which it is attached, until the motion isarrested by the lever coming in contact with the post P". The electriccurrent will now be so directed or controlled by this contact thatit'will-next cause the magnet'M of set No. l to attract its armature Ato its poles, that end of the lever L to which it is attached movingtherewith until its progress is again impeded by coming in contact withthe post P, in the manner as before described. 1

This contact will so'direct or control the electrical current that-itwill next cause the magnet M? of set No. 2 to influence its arrrratureAto its poles, thereby bringing that end of leverL' to a contact withpost P', after the same manner as hereinbefore described.

' The-effect of this contact willnow return the actionaryjnflueuce ofthe current to magnet Mot set No.

.1, the point from whence this explanation began, and

the currents will thus interrupted and returned automatically throughthe coils of the magnets, and the effects produced alternately therebyon the arnratures and levers will be repeated and continued, so long asthe metallic circuit, withthe buttery, remains complete. Havingthusshown that the motion is imparted to the levers by the alternate actionof the mngnetstherc under, and that these'alternations occur, first, bythe :stctiouot' the magnets in attracting their respective axis of thelever) and end post of the opposite set,

and their connection also with the. batteries, by which means thismotion is obtained.

The motion cani'oe acquired in two ways, with but slight change in thedisposition of the connecting wires, but the manner of acquiring eitherone is exactly opposite to that of the other.

The method I shall first describe, I will designate as theclosed-circuitsystem.

There are two-magnets to each set, and two termi nal wires to eachmagnet. The magnets of a setare connected by the joining together of aterminal wire from each. The remaining terminal wire of each magnet of aset. leads to and connects with a battery,

and this completes the metallic circuit of such battery, including bothmagnets of the settherein.

In. set No. 1, fig. 1, the wires 4, magnet M and 6, magnet M, are joinedtogether, and the remaining wires, 3 and 5, of these magnets,respectively, extend to binding-screw standsN'"N The wireslemlingfrom a.battery, when secured in these stands by the hinding-screws n" n",complete the circuit.

Supposing the current to proceed fromrthc battery to binding-screw standN, it will pass thence to and enter magnet M at 3, passing through thecoils of this magnet and out of thein at 4, proceeding thence across toand entering magnet at.6, passing througlnits coils and out of them at5, and from thence tobinding-scrcw staud,N where it will connect with a.wire leading to the other pole of the battery. 3

Set No. 2 is a counterpart, in all respects, of set No. I. The wiresSand 10 are joined together, and the wires 7 and 9 proceed .tobiuding-screw stand N N, where they also conrrect with the wires leadingfrom. a battery, and this completes the metalliccircuit .for the-conductof the electricity through their; coils also.

As the current would .now flow, in' each instance, unrestrictedlythroughthe coils of both magnets of the sets, respectively, thehorizontal-levers L L would each havean equal influence exertedonfeither side of its axis, to control the armatures thereon. Eachwould, therefore, be held in a state of equilibrium.

1f thcmagneticiniluence of either magnet of a set be now destroyed, itwill withdraw the counter-resistance such magnet offers to the efi'ortsof the magnet opposite (in the same set) to attract its armature to itspoles, and the influence on the one side of the axisof the lever beingthus annulled, the armature of.the

magnet on the other side, and with it that end of themagnets of eitherset, are employed to accomplish thisefieet, and their application inthis connection thus explained.

The wires 3, magnet M and 5, magnet M, of set No. 1, intheir route tobinding-screw stands N"' N,

first passby and connectwiththe posts P'P" respect- I q o 7 rvely, ofthe opposite set, and a wire conductor also exiends'fmm the junctionofthe wires 4 and 6, magnets M M', ot' the same set, to and connectswith the stzrnd.t3"of the opposite set,

ductor also leads iron] the junction of the wires 8 and 10, magnet-s MM'", of the same set, and connects with the stand S of the opposite set.

This latter connection brings the lever L of set No. 1 into metalliccommunication with magnets M" and M"' of set No. 2, by means of thelast-mentioned wire connecting with the stand S, and through it with thelever L, whichhas its axis in the adjustable pivotscrews therein.

The object of this manner of running the connections, and upon whichdepends the. working of the entire instrument, is that-the contact ofeither end of either-of the horizontal levers L L with any one oi" theposts 1 P P" P'" in either one set, will have the ctlect to cut oil fromconnnunicat-iou with. the battery a magnet oi' the opposite set, bypreventing the electric current from flowing through theeoils of suchmagnet while such contact lasts, leaving the other magnet in the somesct'as the only one retaining magnetic influence to attract-its armatureto its poles, which it will innneiliatcly do.

The series of alternations of the currents through the coils of themagnets, and ot' the levers affected thereby, will be substantially ashereinbet'ore described,

One battery can be made sutiieientl'or the entire instrument, by causingthe current therefrom to flow tlu'ough the coils of all the magnets ofboth sets, by simply connecting one. poleof the battery with either wire3 or 5 of set No. l, and the other pole of the battery with either wire7 or ll of set No.2, and joining together that wire ofv each set whichstill remains unconnected. This may be easily done by securing one endof a short wire in either binding-screw stand N or N'" of set No. '1,and the other end of the same wire in either binding-screw stand N or Nof set No. 2, using'the twostands which will then remain unoccupied forthe reception of the wires leading from a single battery; Theconnections in all other respects remain unchanged, and the same resultis produced.

The opposite method of acquiring the same motion I shall designate asthe open-circuit system. in this ease I use a battery for each set. Themetallic circuits extending from the batteries through the magnets ofeach set, and thence back to the batteries,- are broken or incomplete,and the currents from the batteries cannot flow, or the magnets attracttheirarmatures thereto, until the breaks in these circuits are closed orcompleted.

The contact of a lever and post of one. set, in this arrangement, unitesthe disconnected parts oi", and completes or restores the circuit. I

Each time either olf the circuits are closed in this manner, it includeswithin it a magnet of the opposite set.

As the magnets are thus alternately included in one or the other of thecircuits of the batteries, they become successively magnetized, by the.passage of the currents through the coils which surround them, causingthe armatnirs above to be attracted to their poles, creating anautomatic motion of the lovers, by their being thus drawn in contactwiththe posts thereitnder, in the same. manner as hereinbet'oredescribed,the armatnres, in this instance, obeying the pulsations of the magnetsas they become alternately charged, while, in the first-named method,the action of the magnet which attracted the armature depended uponannulling the power of'thc opposite magnet; ot'tbesame-set.

The batteries are inserted by disnniting the wires which lead from thejunction of wires 4 and 6, of set No. 1, to stand S of set No. 2, andfrom the junction of wires 8 and 10 of set No. 2, to stand S of setNo.1, and connecting the ends of each, when thus dissevered, withabattery;

The wires3 and 50f set No. 1, in this arrangement, are not required toextend beyond their connection with the posts P"- P"ot' set No. 2, andthe wires 7 and 9 of set N o. 2, are not. required to extend fartherthan their connection with posts I? P of set No. 1.

As the binding-screw stands N N N" N are not now in use, the wiresleading from the posts P P P" P thereto, amount to nothing more thanmere appendages, offering neither utility nor impediment to the workingof the instrument.

To enable both methods to be tested, I have insorted an extra set ofbiudirig-serew stands, 0 O 0" 0", to receive the battery vires, when theinstrument is worked by the open-circuit system.

The connecting-wires lending to the stands S S, from the magnets of theopposite set-s, respectively, are disiinited, as above described, andtheir ends secured in the binding-screw stands just referred to, from'whence they communicate with the batteries.

The wires so disnnited can be reunited, whennecessary, for the. purposeof using the closed-circuit sys tern, by securing the wire-springs \V W,leading from the stands 0 0", in the stands 0' 0", respectively..

This restores the metallic communication of the stands S S with themagnets of the opposite sets, rcspectively,"disunited, as beforedescril'red.

The motion can be arrested-by dissevering any one of the wires leadingfrom a magnet t'oa post, the brass bar V, on the small wooden base H,being employed for this purpose.

The; base H has three bmss points, h h'h, arranged in triangular shapethereon.

One end of the barV is fixed movably on the point h", and its otherendmoves back and forth to and from the points h h.

The wire leading from magnet Mijo post P is disunited, one end beingconnected with the point 71-, and the other with the point It".

When the bar v rests on the point h, it unites these ends, andre :toresthe metallic communication between the post and magnet; but whenit ismoved to and rests on the point h, the metallic, communication isbroken, and the series of connections, whereby the alternations in theaction of the magnets and motion of the levers is produced, areinterrupted and incomplete.

By the'connections as traced, and their effect as described, it will beseen that my invention does not depend forits motion upon any mechanicalauxiliary assistance, farther than that of the vibmtioirof the lovers,and their alternate contact upon the posts, as

herein'betbre desciibed, the motion'being actuated automaticall y bythese successive cont-acts upon the posts, and controlled entirely byelectricity.

w Either one of the sets can he used, in either case, as a governor, toregulate and control the. speed of the other set, by simply widening orlessening the breadth of the vibration of the lever of such set.

The breadth of vibration of either lever can be increased or diminishedby the movable mljustiugscrews i i 1"1'", in the posts P P P" 1"".

These screws can be securely fixed at any breadthrf motion desired bythe aid of the jarn-nuts e e 0"0.

I, therefore, claim the ibCCOlllllilSilllldilt ot' the same motion intwo ways, the connections, in all respects, remaining unchanged, and theprinciple the same, the only change made at all hei'ng in the locationof the batteries.

The alternations of the currents through the mag: nets successively, ashereinbetore described, are shown to be for the purpose of causing avibratory reciprocating motion of the horizontal levers L L, as thearmatures thereon are alternately attracted toward the poles of themagnets thereunder.

Having thus shown the manner in which this vi-' bratory motion isacquired, -it now remains to explain how itcan be applied, so as tocommunicate a rotary motion to a shaft, or spindle, terminating incrankform.

.The best position for this purpose is to have the lever vertical andthe magnets horizontal, as shown in fig. 2.

Only one .sct is necessary for this purpose. The

other can be used as a governor, and may be in either The posts 1? P arevertical, but the adjusting-screws i i therein are placed horizontally.

' The axis of the lever L, when placed vertically, is at oneend thereof,and situated below the maguets,.as shown in fig. 2.

Themagnets being arranged on either side of the lever, one armature issufiicient for each.

' The magnets are supported above the base by the stands D D.

The screws d d, connected to the rear of each magnet, pass through a.loose aperture in these stands, and have jam-nuts b b I)" thereon, oneither side of the stands D D.

By this means, the .coils'c'an be move'd'close up to the armatures, andexert a fuller influence over them.

The magnet M is represented asdrawn back against the supporting-standD.-

This is done that the full outline of the lever L, in itsverticzd'position, together with the armature thereon,- may be clearlyseen.

Then in use,,th'e magnets on either side are moved as close as ispossible to, without impeding the vibration of, the armature.

Thebreadth of vibration of the lever can be adjusted by means, of thehorizontally-placed screws 5 i, in the vertical posts P P.

, The lever L is vertical, and vibrates between the pointsof thehorizontally-placed screws 11 i, a breadth of onesixte'enth 01' anyother fractional part of an inch desired.' The more contracted thespace, however, the better.

The play is thus contracted, that the'armatnre A may not be drawn faraway from the points of the magnets M M, between which it vibrates, thateither magnct may thus be enabled to exert almost full influence inattracting itl Connected with the lever L, near its topmost extremity,is the horizontal rod' T, extending half aninch, when it extends two anda halt inches farther in a right-angle direction.

This rod terminates at either end in the form of a collar, fitting, atthe short-angle extremity, over the top of the lever L, and, at. theextremity of the long angle, over the top of thevertical rod T.

This rod is secured at its angle by a pin, t, passing throughit and intothe horizontal right-angle pro ection, or shelfi of the post I.

The vertical rod T is three inches long, and is suspended on a pin, t,passing through. the post I, half an inch below its connection with thehorizontal rod T.

The vertical rod Tflconnects, at its extremity farthest fromthe pin t',with a horizontal rod, or connecting-arm, T".

The other end of the connecting-arm Tis connected, at f", to the crankof the spindle f, in the frame F, and the motion-communicated to spindlef, by means of the interlocking teeth, of the wheels I l, on each.

The object in having therods T T secured by the pins t t, half an inchfrom their connecting points, respectively, is, that the motion may, ineach instance, be multiplied, by continuing the rods, in both cases.four times this length.

By this arrangement, the lever L, vibrating the breadth of one-sixteenthpart of an inch between the points of the adjusting-screws i i, andmoving the short angle-ofthe rod T, working on the pin t, the samebrealilth, will impart to the extremity of the long angle of this rod'avibration multiplied fully four times this breadth.

The collar of the horizontal rod T, fitting over the vertical rod T,with the stroke indicated by the space between the last-mentioned rodand thedotted lines, to impart to the upper, or half-inch section of thesame rod, and this rod being, like the other, four times this length,the motion is multiplied fully ibnr times, so that an inch-stroke isgained at the other, or longest; extremity from the pin t. v

The horizontal rod 1", connecting to this end of the vertical rod T, andthe other end thereof comiecting with the crank-termination of thespindle flat-f, this stroke of one-inch in breadth is thus communicatedto it, the crank of the spindle being half an inch in length.

Fig. 3 represents one set of the instrument, and illustrates, at eachend of the lever, how themotion can be applied to control an escapemeut,or to impart rotary motion to a. shaft, o'r spindle.

' Connected to lever L, on the left side thereof, is an e'scapement-ami,021-, secured by a pin also iii-the post 0, the pallets of which restalternately upon the teeth of the escapemcnt-wheel E, causing it, whenactuated by the mechanical means whence it derives itsmotion, to revolveuniformly, by tl1e alternate arrest and release of the same by theescapcment-arm.

Onthe right side of the lever is shown a representation of the leverresting upon a. tooth of a. ratchet- Wheel, R.

This is designed. to illustrate how the rotary motion can be imparted tothe spindle on which the iatchetwheel is fixed, bythe arrangement of twoor more le-.- was, in the manner represented, each strikingalternately'upon a ratchet-wheel, fixed on the spindle opposite thereto.

As my invention applies to controlling. the action of magnets, by thepeculiar bearing of their connections, in directing orcontrolliug theflow of a battery-currentthrough the helices which surround the same, Ido'not reserve for it a special application to'any particular form ofmagnet, but to any and all wherein the power and action of such aredependent upon the passage of an electrical current through a helixsurrounding it,

whether it be'tocause such magnet to attract an armature to its'polcs,like that invented by Professor Henry; or to draw an iron magnetic barwithin the helix, as the axial magnet invented by Professor Page; or tocontrola'nd arrest the motion of -a needle enclosed within a helix, orany other form or kind whatever, wherein electromagnetism is theactuating-medium, which produces or controlsthe mechanical efi'ect.

- The route of the wires leadinu from the magnets of each set, to or viathe end posts of the opposite set, can be reversed or exchanged, so thateach will connect with that post of the same set opposite to the oneindicated hcreinbeibre, and the working of the instrument will be thesame.

It is only essential, in extending these connections from the magnets ofone set to or via the end posts of the opposite set, to do so in suchmanner that'the action of the magnets, as regards themselves, and thesets also, 'n'iil be alternate and successive.

Any number of sets can be controlled and operated, if the magnets ofeach are included inthe battery-circuits, but only two are necessary, inany instance, to contain the connections which actuate and govern themotion.

The planet connecting-rods may also be varied from as desired, thepresent example being only to illustrate how a great-e1; breadth ofstroke can be. imparted, by means of the multiplying-arrangementreferred to and explained in fig. 2, without permitting the armature tobe drawn beyond the full influence of the magnets on either side of it.

Ifit were not that the power. ot'a magnetto attract an armature to itspoles (liminishesra pidly as the space between it and the armaturewidens, there would be no necessity for resorting to'snch an arrangementas that of the multiplying connecting-rods above referred to anddescribed, the lever L could be adjusted to any breadth of vibrationrequired.

By the arrangement as explained in fig. 2, however, it is shown that themotion can be increased, by the aid of connecting-rods, to any breadthof stroke desired, without-having the armature placed, at any time,beyond the influence and'control of either of the mag nets whicb'encloseit.

I consider the closed-circuit system as possessing the greatestadvantage, as it is susceptible of being worked or controlled at or fromremote points, it they are found to be of practical utility in anyconnection, and it is desired to introduce two or more of them in acircuit between, and at local or distant stations, witlronly a singlewire intervening to conduct the bat-tery-ourrengthe earth forming thereturn-cm cuit; or the instruments can be thus worked by either system,by connecting them with a local battery of sulphate of copper and zinc,and controlling them from tending the wires 7,.niagnet M and the remotepoint, by means of that connection in the local circuit which is openedand closed by the vi the posts P P P'P, substantially as .bereinbeforedescribed, and for the purpose of obtaining an uninterinitt'ing,reciprocating, automatic motion, as set forth.

2. The mechanical combination and arrangement of magnets M M, lever L,stand, S, posts I P, constituting set No. 1 and of magnetsM" M", leverL, stand 5', posts .P" P, constituting set N0. 2, the two sets takentogether forming the instrument, the levers of each set actuated andcontrolled automatically by electromagnetism, substantially in themanner set forth.

3. Extending the wires 3, magnet M and 5, magnet M, of seliNo. 1, to andconnecting them with posts P P", respectively, of set N 0. 2' unitingthe wires 4, magnet M .and 6, magnet M, of set N o. l, and extendingthem by a connecting-wire, leading from their j unotion to andconnectingwith stand S'ot'- set N0. 2; ex- 9, magnet M'" of set- N 2, to andconnecting them with posts PP, respectively, of setNo. ,1; uniting thewires 8,,magnet M and 10, m: gnet M, of set No. 2, and extending them weconnecting-wire, leadingfi'om theirj unrtion to and connecting withstand S of set N 0. 1,- nttaching or inserting the batteries, ashereiubefore described and set forth. I v

4. The employment of either of the sets as a go? ernor; to regulate and.control the rapidity of motion of the other set, substantially as setfortl y In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to thesespecifications, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, on thisthe 8th day ofMay, 1869.

L. T; LINDSEY Witnesses:

G. W. ROBERTSON, W. M. STEPHENS.

